Since the late 1970s and early 1980s, the psychological study of masculinity and the practice of gender-sensitive approaches to psychotherapy with boys and men has gradually become a specialty area within psychology. Recognizing that masculinity is a central aspect of men’s lives, psychologists began to study the male socialization process, socially prescribed notions of masculinity, and the psychological and social problems of boys and men (Englar-Carlson, 2006). Within this movement, a group of pioneering psychologists developed the gender role strain paradigm (GRSP) as a framework for the…
Brief
Over time, the American workforce has become more educated and the college-going population has diversified. Today’s students tend to be older and often have young children. About 1 million low-income parents who attend school or training also work. Further, many combine full-time work with full-time school attendance. This brief summarizes this population’s characteristics, how they address these competing demands, and the supports they receive while doing so. The brief suggests how existing federal policy initiatives such as the new Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act and the Child…
This report begins by explaining the School-to-Prison Pipeline refers to the increased risk of juvenile delinquency and criminal justice system involvement among children who have been suspended or expelled from school. It notes that nationally, the criminalization of minor school-based infractions and the over-representation of youth of color and students with disabilities are key features of the School-to-Prison Pipeline. Findings are then reported on the School-to-Prison Pipeline within Montgomery County, Maryland. Data is reported that mirrors national trends in disproportionality by race…
This report provides a statistical portrait of progress in the reduction of poverty and economic hardship over the past five decades in the United States. The poverty measures presented in this volume show that the federal safety net has advanced the economic circumstances of low- income children and families since 1964. Three key metrics assess whether families were able to secure resources to meet their basic human needs and avoid severe material deprivation: the official poverty measure developed by Mollie Orshansky in 1963-1964 and designated as the federal government’s official…
This 2014 fact sheet on children living in low-income families in the United States begins by explaining that there are more than 11 million infants and toddlers under the age of 3 in the United States, and 47% live in low-income families and 24% live in poor families. Statistics are provided that indicate the percentage of infants and toddlers living in low-income families has been on the rise, increasing from 44% in 2008 to 47% in 2014, children under age 3 are nearly three times as likely as adults 65 years and older to live in poor families, children under age 3 are more likely to live in…
This fact sheet on adolescents living in low-income families in the United States begins by explaining that there are more than 14 million adolescents (ages 12-17) in the United States in 2014, and 40% live in low-income families and 19% live in poor families. Statistics are provided that indicate the percentage of adolescents living in low-income families has been on the rise, increasing from 35% in 2008 to 40% in 2014, adolescents are nearly twice as likely as adults 65 years and older to live in poor families, adolescents are less likely to live in low-income and poor families than younger…
This 2014 fact sheet on children living in low-income families in the United States begins by explaining that there are more than 24 million children (ages 6-11) in the United States, and 45% live in low-income families and 22% live in poor families. Statistics are provided that indicate the percentage of children living in low-income families has been on the rise, increasing from 40% in 2008 to 45% in 2014, children are nearly twice as likely as adults 65 years and older to live in poor families, young children under age 6 years are the most likely to live in low-income families, followed by…
This 2014 fact sheet on children living in low-income families in the United States begins by explaining that there are more than 72 million children under age 18 in the United States, and 44% live in low-income families and 21% live in poor families. Statistics are provided that indicate the percentage of children living in low-income families has been on the rise, increasing from 39% in 2008 to 44% in 2014, children are nearly twice as likely as adults 65 years and older to live in poor families, young children under age 6 years are the most likely to live in low-income families, followed…
This 2014 fact sheet on children living in low-income families in the United States begins by explaining that there are more than 23 million children under the age of 6 in the United States, and 47% live in low-income families and 24% live in poor families. Statistics are provided that indicate the percentage of young children living in low-income families has been on the rise, increasing from 43% in 2008 to 47% in 2014, young children under the age of 6 are nearly three times as likely as adults 65 years and older to live in poor families, young children under the age of 6 are more likely to…
Other
The United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world. Since the mid-1970s the U.S. prison population has quadrupled, reflecting one of the largest policy experiments of the twentieth century. Researchers and policymakers are just beginning to understand the effect that this dramatic expansion has had on U.S. society. Because African Americans and Hispanics are incarcerated at a higher rate than whites, it is reasonable to assume that rising imprisonment has contributed to existing racial inequalities in U.S. society. Earlier work has generally corroborated this assumption,…
